Indonesian Traditional Music with Modern Music Essay

My name is Heru Sulaksono , I’m standing here today because I want to tell you all about Indonesian Traditional music call â€Å" Keroncong† . The history of Keroncong music itself was started when the Portugese invaded Indonesia in the 16th century, this music was first introduced by the sailors and the slaves on the portugese ship as known as â€Å"Fadu†. But weakening Influence of the portugese in the 17th century did not make â€Å"Keroncong† disappear from Indonesia. This music just continued to grow in Indonesia. In the early 19th century some Indonesian traditional instruments were introduced and influenced this music like the Seruling and Gamelan. The Golden age of â€Å"Keroncong† Music ended in 1960 due to introduction of rock music to Indonesia . Even with this music beginning to disappear, Keroncong music is still played and listened to but most of the listeners are old people in Indonesia. But in the 21st century the young generation of Indonesia ,is making many new breakthroughs to save Indonesia’s traditional music and make it known to the world, for example Bondan Prakoso Ft Fade2Black made a song titled â€Å"Keroncong Protol†, this song combines â€Å"Keroncong† With â€Å"Rap† and â€Å"Rock† the result of this combination is good music that everybody can listen to. This type of breakthrough can preserve Indonesian traditional music like the â€Å"Keroncong†. So the moral message that I want to tell you about is how the young generation of any country should be working to preserve their country’s traditional music. Every nation has its own traditional music, just like Indonesia, and everywhere in the world traditional music is disappearing. every young generation I think likes modern music better than traditional music. They think it’s not cool to sing traditional music or to like traditional music. Hey! It’s not that bad. f we want to preserve our traditional music it means that our next generation can hear that music. Even if you really like modern music it’s doesn’t mean you can’t preserve your nation’s traditional music, because there are so many innovations that can be used to preserve traditional music, like combining traditional music with modern music. This is just one of the innovations, that lets us save our traditional music! , so that is the message that I want to `tell to all of you, thank you for your attention,wassalamualaikum wr wb good morning.

Invasion of Privacy in Sports

Invasion of Privacy in Sports Introduction Do we even have any privacy anymore? With todays fast paced, never ending social networks and media outlets, it seems that nothing could get through its grasps. Invasion of Privacy is described as â€Å"A reasonable expectation of privacy involves an intentional or negligent highly offensive intrusion into the plaintiffs private life and resulting in damages to the plaintiff' (Mulrooney ; Styles, 2012, p. 13). In sports there are several ways in which athletes or sports fgures privacy could be invaded. The question is, is it Invasion of Privacy, or did they simply Just feel violated?Description of Invasion of Privacy Every individual has a right to his or her own privacy. When they feel that right has been violated, it becomes an issue of what a reasonable person believes is an invasion of privacy, and whether or not it caused damages to the person. A reasonable person has to base their opinion on Judgment calls instead of basing them on a mandated set of rules or guidelines. There are different situations for every intrusion, with no set guidelines to follow, but â€Å"a reasonable expectation of privacy is used to determine aspects of a plaintiffs life that would be deemed private† (Mulrooney ; Styles, 2012, p. ). An intrusion does not have to include physical contact either, but must cause damages to the plaintiff. Posting a picture of an underage child may cause â€Å"Emotional distress or mental anguish [and] is sufficient cause for damages and therefore the plaintiff does not need to prove and special damages† (Mulrooney ; Styles, 2012, p. 13). Four Elements Invasion of Privacy includes four elements of Public Disclosure. The first is that â€Å"defendant must disclose private facts that are highly offensive† (Mulrooney ; Styles, 2012, p. 13-14).Unless they are not considered offensive to a reasonable person, here is no case to begin with. Second, the public should have no interest or reason to know the information that was made public. Personal matters are a shaky issue. Depending on your status in the public eye depends on how a reasonable person views you. If you are celebrity, athlete, or politician, more than likely anything that happens in your personal life will get out in public and will not be considered an invasion of privacy because of the status of the individual in the general public.On the other hand, let us take an everyday citizen, who may have some kind of medical condition. If their doctor tells the media about it, they would have a legitimate case of invasion of privacy. There is no reason for the public to know, and it may have been highly offensive to the individual. Thirdly, the defendant must be wrong for their intrusion on the plaintiffs privacy. If we stick with the sick patient and the doctor, the doctor had not right for telling anyone about his patient's medical condition. The doctor has a right to not disclose of his patients information to the public, no matter how bad the patient may be.Last, the act or information brought forth must have aused damages to the plaintiff, whether it is physical or non-physical. Although the doctor may not have harmed their patient physically, it would have caused emotional distress. Defenses Consent, the main to detense to invasion ot privacy, is a very â€Å"watery' detense. There are three types of consent, but without all the details the defense may be weak. Express consent is based on written or oral communication, apparent consent is when a reasonable person believes consent has been given, and implied consent (Mulrooney ; Styles, 2012, p. ). If all the information is not provided, consent may be ithdrawn before anything is written up about a case. A second defense is newsworthiness. The media can say that almost every story or publication is newsworthy. However, the plaintiff can claim that their â€Å"image is not being used for commercial gain (Mulrooney & Styles, 2012, p. 1 4). The last defense to invasion of privacy is the unauthorized use of a person's likeness. Taking a person's name or company's logo, using it to advertise, and gaining a profit from is illegal and the plaintiff will be rewarded damages.Street vendors for sporting events are a perfect example of this. They sell t-shirts before and after the game outside of a stadium. The t-shirts may have the name of the city, say Cleveland, but not the name of a team or their logo. If they used their name or logo, it would be considered using the likeness of that organization, and taking away profit from their organization in merchandise sales. Problem it Creates for Sport Managers Looking at how invasion of privacy is structured, those in sports can have a lot of problems with it.As stated above, it becomes a Judgment decision by a reasonable person on whether one feels they were violated or not. Being a coach or one working n the sports field, you have to be wary of any incidents it may cause or put you in with others. As a coach, you may be a responsible person, but who says your team will be. Look at the Duke Lacrosse team. They ended up having to forfeit their entire season, and the coach got fire due to a false rape charge. The alleged rape was at a Duke party where the entire was at (Kwak, 2006). The media and fans play a big role in it.If a player has a bad game, they can get bombarded and lambasted by the media and fans in more ways than one. Not only directly after the game, it's at every press conference, before and after every practice, n every sports network, on every sports website, and so on. That's Just the media. The fans can take to social media such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, etc. and harass them that way. They can also visit the player's house, send them letters, emails, or call them. The damages done here could be classified as invasion of privacy and emotional distress, depending on what occurs.Current Situation Future Trends Case 1: Bilney vs. The Evening Star Details The 1977 Maryland men's varsity basketball team had to deal with an act of Invasion of Privacy regarding four of their players and the media. In Bilney vs. The Evening Star, basketball players John Bilney, Larry Gibson, Jo Jo Hunter, and Billy Bryant were named in editions of the Washington Post, Washing Star, and the Diamondback, telling of their poor grades and academic probations. With their grades brought out in public, the student-athletes made the decision to sue the publishers ot the newspapers and the writers involved.

Investment Clubs Options P4DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Investment Clubs Options P4DB - Essay Example Still, this does not mean that a person should give up on the idea or desire of getting rich. 'Investing' is the option that allows a person to get affluent, provided one is willing to take intelligent and calculated risks. The second reason one must invest is that human body and mind deteriorate over time and so does the value of saved money. After having worked very hard in the youth, everyone desires to enjoy a happy and secure retired life. The problem is that the money saved by a person over time loses its worth owing to inflation (Orman, 2000). Hence, if a person has saved $ 100 one year and the rate of inflation is 5 percent, the next year that saved $ 100 will be able to purchase only $ 95 worth of goods and services. Now, imagine where one's savings will end, if one chooses to be a sitting duck before the vagaries of inflation. Hence, to make one's savings inflation proof, one ought to invest. Investment divests your savings of their laziness and makes your money work for you. Investing means making one's hard-earned money appreciate and generate income over time. 1. Before investing, an individual must be aware of one's short-term and long-term needs and requirements. Caring for short-term needs means making investments that can easily be liquidated. Such investments usually carry low returns. Providing for long-term needs means making investments that are more or less fixed over a specific period and yield high returns. One's genuine needs ought to define one's investment decisions. Therefore, if one is planning a baby next year, one will definitely have to pay the hospital bills and bear the other attached expenditures. In such a scenario, getting all one's savings entrapped in long-term investments is not wise. On the contrary, if one has young children and wants to provide for their college and university education, long term investments definitely make sense. 2. Always look forward to diversifying one's investments. Diversification means not risking everything on one endeavor. The entire motivation behind investing is the willingness of a person to take risk to get high returns. Hence, the magnitude of risk while investing is usually inversely proportional to the range of diversification (Markowitz, 1991). The more one diversify one's investments, the more is one insulated against risk. Therefore, it is always wiser to diversify investments among instruments like bonds, stocks, real estate, metals and mutual funds. 3. The investment and diversification strategy of an individual needs to be planned while taking into consideration one's age and the time left in one's retirement (Markowitz, 1991). While one is young, one can definitely afford to invest in high risk instruments in the expectation of getting good returns and optimal capital appreciation. However,

Media Influence upon Teen Eating Disorders Essay

Media Influence upon Teen Eating Disorders - Essay Example Thesis Eating disorders in teens are caused by false body images popularized by media and propagated by media advertising. Teenagers copy and borrow their identities from the media trying to look like their favorite film stars or glamorous men and women splashed all over billboards. While others procedure in trimming down their bodies are having strict diets and even go to gyms in order to be physically fit. But several people especially those who suffer obesity are trying to take medicines-which might lead their lives at risk because of the content of the medicines-which will burn out their unnecessary fats. According to statistical results, "up to 10 million teens develop eating disorders, abnormal attitudes and behaviors with foods, which include anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa" (Eating Disorders 2005). If a teenager does not meet certain standards she/he can be "excluded" from social interaction. Media popularizes slim bodies depicting that a slim body can make teens happier and even luckier. The problem is that, in most cases teens change their appearance in order to meet social identity but no t because of absolute necessity. These health problems had already been known for quite some time and yet, though young girls are in focus as being most affected (Eating Disorders Starting to Bite 25). Recent studies show that the psychological disease of eating disorder is quickly spreading beyond young girls and even to young men. As western pop culture is shipped abroad to sell western commodities, the problem goes as well like unwanted freebies that are stuck and taped around a product. Black, Asian, and Hispanic girls are plagued by unhealthy eating habits because they simply wish to achieve the same physical attributes of celebrities they idolized (Gauntlett 36). Society's response to social identity and sets limits on the behavior and beliefs that can be tolerated in society, slim bodies, ideal body shape and a thin waistline. "Super models in all the popular magazines have continued to get thinner and thinner. Modeling agencies have been reported to actively pursue Anorexic models" (The Media 2007). Differences in social identity can motivate teens to acts of extreme violence against those whom they classify as 'other'. To avoid these stereotypes teens are forced to change their appearance in order to meet criteria of an ideal body. Social identity plays a crucial role in contemporary society determining certain standards of body image and beauty. "Community of culture and unity of meaning depicted by different media are the main sources that allow the construction and experience of social identity" (Hamburg 75). This search is also evident at the individual level through the need to belong to a community. In the current era, the ideal body represents one of these standards: social identify is its product. Films, magazines and popular TV shows depict the differences between an ugly and ideal body which can be achieved by diet. "On television, in magazines and newspapers, we are continually exposed to the notion that losing weight will make us happier and it will be through "THIS diet plan" (The Media 2007). Critics admit that the young audience is easily affected by popular images and media idols. In many cases, media forces teens to change their a

CRS-x Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRS-x - Assignment Example 26). Some companies are still making use of the traditional marketing methods which include publications, television, radio, telephones, billboards, postal services, face to face methods amongst others. Their counterparts instead make use of websites, emails, social media and video-conferencing in the same effort. It is important for any company to seriously consider its marketing strategies as these determine how effective their outcome will be in terms of winning them a satisfactory customer base. Speaking of personal interaction, new media has a major shortcoming especially when it comes to dealing with dis-satisfied customers. Take for example social media. Customers who may feel cheated after consuming a product because it did not match their expectations may chose to express their discontentment via social media channels such as Facebook, twitter or website blogs. This would adversely compromise the efforts of the company in brand building. Conversely, if a company subscribed t o the traditional approaches of marketing communication, say, the use of telephones, all that the discontented customer would have to do is to call and air their grievances while the concerned company would have retaliated by apologizing and looking for a way of appeasing the dissatisfied customer. Schultz 2009, p. 33). Again, new media lacks that human touch that goes a long way in convincing customers to purchase a product. New media is often characterized by faceless interactions although this is not always the case (Hennig 2000, p. 23). Companies that choose to make use of the given social media channels like emails, twitter and blogs need to understand that when customers are not able to emotionally and psychologically connect with the product on sale as well as the people marketing it, there is likely to be zero engagement (Egan 2008, p. 94). The management should realize that it is not about placing the said product up for marketing as much as it is about appealing to the fee lings and emotions of the consumers. Of much significance also is the question as to how companies intend to measure the attitudes and engagement levels of their customers as well as relationship outcomes. This is of importance mainly because the emerging media marketing methods do not adequately put this aspect into consideration (Mukerjee 2011, p. 88). Whereas a company may successfully measure the attitudes and behavioral data of their consumers, they may have to deal with the challenge of how to incorporate this data into their organizations. How does one tell whether the data presented there represents genuine feedback from a concerned customer, or it was the product of a joker who just happened to come by the site? Again, marketing campaigns conducted through Youtube or adverts placed within email pages may never reach the intended customer base and yet there would be no way of informing them (Garber 2007, p. 78). This might in the long run affect their ability to build their brand. Traditional marketing strategies are designed in such a way that before the company has incurred so much damage due to some of these unperceived loopholes, it will have acted on the feedback already received through the convenient means that it has offered to its customers. It would be bad to the new media strategies not to point out some of the advantages they

Library Research Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Library Research Assignment - Essay Example Using this business model, the company can sell its products to the customers present in different parts of the world. An appropriate business model is one of the key necessities in upgrading a company to the world of e-commerce. Benefits of the Website for the Company E-Business means running a business using internet technologies in order to improve the level of profits, as well as to expand the business. In today’s world of competition, it has become the need of every retailer to have online presence to increase the level of sales. In this regard, website plays the role of the most important player as it is the main way to make people aware of the products and services being offered by the company. As Holub (2005) asserts, â€Å"one of the easiest ways to help your business gain more exposure and potential customers is to have a professionally developed website† (p. 1). Our company, A to Z Laptops, will also make use of a website for marketing purposes. The company w ill have an attractive website which will be placed on the most famous search engines, such as, Yahoo and Google in order to be searchable for general users in a convenient manner. The website will perform all key business operations that include marketing, sales, customer support, and internal communications. The website will also reduce the need of having a physical location for trading. A perfectly designed and user-friendly website will provide a lot of benefits to A to Z Laptops. Some of these benefits include increased volume of sales through attracting more customers, improved and efficient customer service, increased business credibility, and reduced business operating cost. Benefits of Internet for the Company Some of the main benefits of internet for A to Z Laptops include internet marketing to enable the business reach international markets, online communication system to serve customers’ queries, and email system to improve customer service. A to Z Laptops can use many methods to sell its services to the customers. Some of the most popular ways include classified ads, internet marketing, selling through company’s website, and email marketing. Online ads and promotions hold a key place in internet marketing. A to Z Laptops can use promotion techniques and ads placed over famous websites and search engines to make people aware of the products of the company. The company can also make use of emails as a direct marketing tool. As Williams (2012) states, â€Å"e-mail marketing is the oldest method to reach the prospects and maintain goodwill in the market† (p. 1). The company’s officials can use emails to send relationship-building and personalized messages to the targeted population. A major benefit of direct marketing is that it reduces marketing costs (Ojha, 2012). The company cal also use social networking websites to improve the process of socialization and increase public awareness about new technologies. Such websites are a great way to reach a large number of people (Hawkins, 2012). Functional Specifications The key electronic business processes of A to Z Laptops will include internet marketing, electronic processing of order, and electronic customer service. We will establish our contacts with the online suppliers of the computer accessories and laptops to ensure provision of items to customers on the due date and time. We will put a link in the

Z302-ch15 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Z302-ch15 - Case Study Example 15.2 If one is in charge of the restructuring efforts at Starbucks, rather than imposing the needed changes, which would apparently generate savings for the organization, one would first solicit inputs, comments, suggestions from the employees themselves to determine the best practices and techniques that evidently have been used and proved to be effective in facilitating exemplary service to the customers. By enjoining the employees’ participation, resistance to the proposals for change would be minimized and other suggestions could even prove to be more efficient in cost-savings and revenue maximization for the organization. 15.3 An expansion and venture in China would necessitate being more aware of the cultural facets that are being practiced by the people. A change in organizational structure for Starbucks should therefore incorporate a point-person or management personnel who would be in charge of overseeing cultural awareness and practices which fit the national culture of China. Likewise, if people to be employed in Starbucks stores would be predominantly of Chinese descent, then, relevant inputs should first be solicited from these people to determine which values, norms, traditions, and preferences could be channeled towards the organizational culture and which could be slowly integrated as part of the organizational culture and structure of the home country. These are significant to avoid resistance to change and to ensure smooth transitions to a culture which is significantly different from that of the

Comparison of two poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparison of two poems - Essay Example As a result the child misses the father even after he is dead. The child remembers her father at the time when she is thirty nine years old. This is a prime age in the life of a woman as at this time in her life she is about to enter menopause. It is at this time that the woman has lived a larger part of her life as she is increasingly becoming wiser. She becomes more understanding to her actions when she was younger as well as their consequences both to her and her loved ones. In this case she remembers how tired her father was when she was young due to his hard work. In the first poem Spike (2003, p. 15) the child that is betrayed is both defenseless and in much more need for love and care than in the second poem. However in the second poem, contrary to the lack of love in the first one there is a lot of love and understanding from the parent. This is evidence by the phrase ‘He taught me how’. This phrase explains that the child had a lot of time with the parent who took the initiative of teaching the child the virtue of honesty. The language in the first poem shows the evidence of human brutality and cruelty against the child. The actions taken by the parent killing the child who is unborn and does not even know that it exists is the evidence. On the other hand we look at the second poem which has a smooth tone evident by the care and love portrayed by the parent. From the phrase, ‘had a savings account.’ it portrays the dedication and care of the father to the future of the child. The final stance of the poem is evidence of the lack of virtue by the parents Spike (2003, p. 15)Â   . According to the context of the society parents are supposed to be the ones to protect and give care to the children. Unfortunately the parents in the poem even celebrate on the death of the unborn baby; this shows the failure of the society in actual sense. In the second poem Walkers (2005, p. 25)Â   there is evidence of the society being

Leader Follower Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leader Follower Communication - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that a leader is expected to be honest, and manage to gain his followers’ trust, as the latter determine if the leader is effective or not. Moreover, followers are in a position to determine whether a leader should be followed or not. Followers are different and hence require different forms of leadership. For instance, new employees may require more supervision compared to experienced employees, while an employee who is de-motivated may require a different form of leadership compared to the motivated employee. The growth of followers is determined by the effectiveness of a leader. Generally, there exist several types of followers, including the effective follower, who is independent and active, the conformist follower who is dependent of the leader but also active, and the alienated follower who is independent but not much of a team player. In addition, there is the passive follower who is prone to resistance and therefore requires a high level of super vision, and the pragmatic follower who is normally stuck in the middle, as he is not sure on his stand and sometimes maximize on their self-interest only. In addition, leadership varies with situations, such that a certain type of leadership may be applicable in one situation but it may not be applicable in another. Leaders and followers differ in that everyone can be a follower but not all can be leaders since leadership is not only a position defined by a state of mind and character. Followership is the willingness to follow a leader or to be led; however, a leader can as well be a follower, as he has to follow his superiors and his followers. For instance, in the case of a flight captain who gives orders to his crewmembers, if the crew does not understand, he goes ahead and teaches them on how to attend to that particular matter, thereby becoming a follower since he reacted to the actions of his followers. In this research, a selection of followers was made from nurses who report to doctors, a clerk who reports to the manager, a personal secretary who reports to the managing director and technician who reports to the head engineer.

New look on Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

New look on Globalization - Essay Example New look on Globalization Globalization as a process is looked from a broad perspective. It had come about due to the continuous strong influence by the economy worldwide, social and cultural aspects weighing out the national and regional processes (Beck, 2000). This process is not new. It has historical roots running deep. However, a change in the world in the form of space and time due to the revolution in communication and information signifies a qualitative breakthrough from the past. Globalization has therefore greatly underway globally (Mittelman, 2000). The support got a high rate of change in technology, by price, trade liberation, and through growing advantages of supranational rules, exposing national economies to an intensive competition. Globalization has therefore been seen as being caused by a change in the views of the world, products, ideas, and cultural aspects (Weinstein, 2005). Transportation and telecommunication advancement, including telegram and internet development are all main factors of globalization, forming more interdependence of cultural activities and economy. From the advancement achieved by the countries nationally and internationally, I view globalization as something with historical background, evolving culturally and economically, forming ancient, early modern and late modern stages. Beck (2000) is one of the people who have talked extensively on this concept of globalization, and he argues that globalization is a process that existed many years ago, and it began with the voyages of Vasco Da Gama.

Security Management Essay Example for Free

Security Management Essay Instructions to candidates: 1. There is no time restriction set for this paper and you may refer to your course text. 2. Clearly print your name in the blank spaces provided on the answer sheet. 3. Read each question carefully, and circle the option letter of your selected answer on the question paper; then transfer your answer to the answer sheet by putting an X through the appropriate answer box or by writing in the answers (if the question requires it). 4. Please answer all the questions and check your answers carefully. 5. On completion submit the answer sheet to Perpetuity Training, 148 Upper New Walk, Leicester, LE1 7QA by the date required. 1. Very generally it is agreed that terrorism is defined by a group which: A. Wishes to kill its political enemies and influence potential allies B. Wishes to politically and ideologically influence others by the use or threat of use of, violence C. Wishes to promote religious ideologies through the use of force or the threat of force. D. Wishes to resist government oppression through the use of irregular warfare 2. It is argued that the term terrorism derives from the reign of terror after the French revolution. In what year was the French Revolution? A. B. C. D. 1564 1694 1794 1894 3. Historically, terrorist groups (although most organisations do not like being referred to as terrorists!) have tended to adhere to either a politically left or right wing ideology. But what do we mean by the term ‘ideology’? A. B. C. D. Right wing beliefs Left wing beliefs Religious beliefs Systems of belief 4. What is state terrorism? A. B. C. D. Terrorism directed against the state The state’s definition of terrorism Terrorism only directed at governments Terrorism committed by the state 5. Modern Terrorists differ from their historical predecessors mainly in: A.  B. C. D. The sophistication of their ideologies The sophistication of their targets and timing The sophistication of their attack and planning Their sophistication of their demands 6. What is an IED? A. B. C. D. An improvised explosive detonation An immediate explosive detonation An improvised explosive device An in-car explosive device 7. Which of the following is not normally part of an IED? A. B. C. D. The Timer The Donator The power supply The delivery platform 8. When conducting a terrorism risk assessment we need to consider: A. B. C. D. Assets, threats and vulnerabilities Origins, tactics and membership Aims, abilities and determination Specialty weapons and tactics 9. Who said ‘The war on terror resembles the great clashes of the last century between democracy and totalitarianism’? A. B. C. D. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher President George W Bush Prime Minister Tony Blair President Barack Obama 10. What is a hard target reconnaissance? A. B. C. D. An examination of the intended target by the terrorist prior to the attack The selection by the terrorist of a difficult target The final briefing to the terrorist attack group before the attack The terrorist debrief after a difficult operation 11. What is defence/security in depth? A. B. C. D. A form of maritime security Impenetrable security measures Environmental security measures Interlocking layers of security 12. The 1996 Manchester bombing was an attack carried out by the Provisional IRA in Manchester, England. The bomb targeted the citys infrastructure and economy and caused widespread damage, estimated by insurers at: A. B. C. D.  £7 million  £17 million  £70 million  £700 million 13. In which year was the UK Terrorism Act passed? A. B. C. D. 2005 2006 2007  2008 14. In what year did the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism (CECPT) come into force? A. B. C. D. 2005 2006 2007 2008 15. One of the most powerful pieces of counter terrorist legislation enacted was in the US, where The Homeland Security Act (HSA). In which year did it come into force? A. B. C. D. 16. 2000 2001 2002 2003 What is the ISPS? A. B. C. D. The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code The Internal Ship and Port Facility Security Conditions The Internal Ship and Port Facility Security Code The International Safety and Port Facility Security conditions 17. The ISPS applies to all vessels over: A. B. C. D. 300 gross weight tonnes 400 gross weight tonnes 500 gross weight tonnes 600 gross weight tonnes 18. Port facilities serving ships where the ISPS applies require an ISC. What is the ISC? A. B. C. D. International Safety Charter International Security Certificate International Shipping Charter International Sailing Certificate 19. Which of the following is not a key document that should form part of an organisation’s security methods and techniques? A. B. C. D. Business Continuity Plans Major Incident Plans Security Procedures Terrorist Attack Plans 20. What is ISO 27001? A. The introduction of an information security management system B. The introduction of an intermodal supply chain security management system C. The introduction of a risk management system D. The introduction of a terrorist security system 21. What is ISO 3100? A. The introduction of an information security management system B. The introduction of an intermodal supply chain security management system C. The  introduction of a risk management system D. The introduction of a terrorist security system 22. What is ISO 28001? A. The introduction of an information security management system B. The introduction of an intermodal supply chain security management system C. The introduction of a risk management system D. The introduction of a terrorist security system 23. Every physical security system should have an OR what is an OR? A. B. C. D. Optional Requirement Operational Requirement Operating Regulation Operator’s Regulation 24. It is logical that in order for an organisation to be prepared for a terrorist attack there need to be adequate levels of: A. B. C. D. Fire extinguishers and smoke alarms Access control and swipe cards Training and awareness Profiling and reporting 25. Who said ‘Kill one, frighten ten thousand’? A. B. C. D. Lao Tao Sun Tzu Confucius Kuan Ti

Human Resource Management Business Impact

Human Resource Management Business Impact People are commonly considered to be an organisations greatest asset simply because they have the power as individuals to decide. They decide on strategic, tactical and operational levels to obtain the most favourable results from whatever situation arises. It is therefore extremely important to train and develop the human resources as it determines a companys success. Over the past few decades, a growing awareness of the importance of the HRM process has lead to continual improvements in the field; thus causing more competence. In order to create efficiency in communication, training and general management, individuals were put in charge especially to manage the people within an organisation. Slowly this progressed and became a common department in any common organisation. Human resource management is a particularly important area which transcends all primary activities. It is concerned with those activities involved in recruiting, managing, training, developing and rewarding people within the organisation The firm will need an overall workforce (or human resource) strategy. In achieving this, HRM will need to work closely with other departments to ensure the firm is employing people with the right skills and right time The HR plan contains an assessment of: National and local changes in the population, analysed by numbers, ages, skills and location An analysis of the current internal labour supply Consideration of any proposed developments in the companys organisation, location and structure. This information can be used to evaluate the likely effects on labour turnover, the implications for recruitment, expected training requirements for existing and anticipated new staff, and the probable effects on morale and labour relations. The main difficulty of creating a workforce plan is the problem of estimating future demand for labour. Demand will change as a result of the firm changing strategy (e.g. new markets opening up, existing market demand falling), and competitor actions. Organisation adopt a core and periphery approach, employing a core of highly trained full-time staff, which is supplemented by a periphery of part time- often temporary- employees. This can bring greater staffing flexibility, although part-time staff may lack motivation, and communication becomes more difficult. HRM emphasises that people are an organization key source due to their flexibility, creativity and commitment. Communication takes place within the organization and with outside agencies internal communication may flow down the hierarchy through the chain of command or may be more informal. External communication tends to be more formal, taking place with the major external stakeholders: suppliers, customer, shareholders, the government and public. 1.2: Assess the purpose of strategic human resource management activities in an organization. Internal scanning explains and documents the makeup of the current supply of the workforce and the human resources activities within an organization. It looks at the composition and diversity of the workforce, including what type of skills and jobs are available, what type of human resources policies and programs already exist, what is the culture and structure of the organization, and what are the trends in regard to tenure, turnover rates, etc. In addition, consideration should be given to such issues as prevailing personnel problems, managerial attitudes concerning human resources, etc. External scanning tracks trends and developments in the external environment, documenting their implications for human resources management and ensuring they receive attention in the human resources planning process. This assessment looks at: 1) how the economy is performing both locally and nationally, 2) how technology is expected to change and how these changes will influence the type and number of jobs available and the skills and education needed for these jobs, 3) what the current and future labor market looks like regarding the availability of certain occupations and the people necessary to fill them, 4) the requirements are for current or future government regulations, such as affirmative action and equal employment opportunity or regulations which influence agency-specific programs, 5) identifying the sources for competition in terms of attracting people (salary, benefit packages, etc.), and 6) what overall trends can be identified that could influence an organization such a s the movement towards decentralization and restructuring. Vetter (1967) defined human resource planning as the process by which management determines how the organization should move from its current manpower position to its desired position. Through planning, management strives to have the right number and the right kinds of people, at the right places, at the right time, doing things which result in both the organization and the individual receiving maximum long-run benefits. Contemporary human resource planning occurs within the broad context of organizational and strategic business planning. It involves forecasting the organizations future human resource needs and planning for how those needs will be met. It includes establishing objectives and then developing and implementing programs (staffing, appraising, compensating, and training) to ensure that people are available with the appropriate characteristics and skills when and where the organization needs them. It may also involve developing and implementing programs to improve employee performance or to increase employee satisfaction and involvement in order to boost organizational productivity, quality, or innovation (Mills, 1985b). Finally, human resource planning includes gathering data that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing programs and inform planners when revisions in their forecasts and programs are needed. 1.3: Evaluate the contribution of strategic human resource management to the achievement of an organisations objectives Functions of Human Resources Management (HRM) include various key activities important in business development. The HR Manager decides for the organizations staffing needs and then decides whether to employ by independent contractors or hire employee to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees. The HR Manager must ensure that these employees are high performers and deal with performance issues; and ensure that the personnel and management practices used conforms with various regulations Activities in HRM also include managing employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. An organization must ensure that employees are aware of personnel policies which conform to the current organization regulations. These policies are often in the employee manuals, which all employees have. There are seven (7) major HRM processes namely: HR strategy, Recruiting, Assignment, Development, Reward, Protection, and Personnel administration. HR strategy is the strategic approach that the HR manager will undertake. This strategy is composed of objectives, goals and processes on how to attain the organizations business objectives and goals. Task 2 To: Etcetera Ltd From: Human resource manager Subject: Human Resources planning 2.1 Analyse the business factors that underpin human resource planning in an organisation. Human resource planning is a systematic series of continuing processes that determines the needs of an organisation and plans them accordingly (Bennison and Casson 1984). The reason human resources are planned is due to the simple need that any successful business needs efficiency. Planning eliminates wasted time and resources by preparation. The planning process is divided into several stages; analysing current human resource utilisation, forecasting the demand for human resources, forecasting the supply of human resources, developing action plans and evaluating the planning process. Human Resource Management (HRM) is a strategic and coherent approach in managing an organizations most valued assets- the individuals who are working collectively and contributes in achieving success of the objectives of the business. The terms human resource management (HRM) and human resources (HR) have largely replaced the term Personnel Management as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organizations 2.2 Assess the human resource requirements in a given situation With the development of technology, data collection and presentation has become much more sophisticated and efficient. HR planners can use computer technology very effectively to analyse data about the workforce. Information such as experience, length of service, qualifications, potential attendance, productivity, efficiency and personal data have all contributed to the accurate analysis of human resource utilisation. With the use of this data it has become easy and efficient to forecast possible situations regarding specifically HR demand. As mentioned above, the analysed data can be efficiently used to determine current conditions. It is especially important to forecast demand in time in a dynamic working environment where new products and premises are bound to increase. Corporate plans are also projected into a shared system to co-ordinate forecasting. In some cases however there is no data that can project future requirements; these cases would be linked to general economic, political or industrial change. Existing human resources classified by organisational demography, more specifically by department, occupation, skill level, status, age, gender, aptitudes, experience, qualifications, job history, length of service and ethnicity. Specific work history; absenteeism, commitment, involvement and disciplinary matters. Ensuring all personnel/HRM activities help to add value by helping the organisation achieve its objective. Motivating workers to achieve improved performance Action plans are based on a comparison of forecast demand and forecast supply. This will determine deficits and surpluses. Evaluation is suggested to be based on outputs rather than inputs. Storey and Sissons have a variety of techniques such as simple audits to conclude if targets have been met, how many vacancies have been filled and how much costs were reduced. 2.3 Develop a human resource plan for an organisation To develop a human resource plan for Electra this below Five Major Stages in workforce planning link the strategic and human resources planning processes. Collecting Data and Information Forecasting Reconciliation Action Plans Feedback and Evaluation 1. Collecting Data and Information: At the strategic planning level, an organization conducts a number of assessments to determine its long-range objectives, usually for up to five years. At this level, the human resources planning process assesses such issues as strategic plan implications, factors external to an organization, and the internal supply of employees over the long-run. Human resources collect data and information to analyze and assess these types of issues, but do not make detailed projections. Data and information are collected through scanning internal and external environments of an organization. 2. Forecasting: The strategic plan eventually breaks down into operational plans that state specific objectives an organization wants to accomplish over the next six months to one year. This will, in turn, forecast future human resource needs. The focus for human resources becomes forecasting the number of currently available employees with the appropriate skills and educational levels to meet operational plans. This information is drawn from internal and external assessments, but is further refined for these plans. The forecasting process highlights the supply and demand principle of the model. Strategic and operational plans determine the necessary human resource requirements (demand) needed, while the human resources planning process forecasts the availability (supply) of human resources. 3. Reconciliation: Reconciliation identifies those gaps that occur between supply and demand. This process focuses an organization on specific human resource issues that need to be addressed. This allows an organization to move forward with its operational plans. The process of reconciliation helps identify what the major gaps or sources of pain are in managing human resources. In addition, through reconciling an organization is able to develop a sense of urgency and build commitment to action regarding its sources of pain. 4. Action Plans: Action plans represent programs and policies needed to address the gaps identified in the reconciliation process. To be successful and ensure accountability, action plans must outline specific responsibilities, timelines, staff, and financial resources necessary to address those gaps. 5. Feedback and Evaluation: Feedback and evaluation are critical to the success and effectiveness of the workforce planning process. These two mechanisms are ways to retrieve information to evaluate and make adjustments to the process. Feedback: Feedback mechanisms should be designed to retrieve information so programs and policies can be evaluated to determine how well the process works. This provides input to update strategic or organizational plans. Inadequate feedback mechanisms or plans can cause small problems to grow into large problems that impede the overall process. Evaluation: In implementing evaluation mechanisms, it is important to first determine what is to be measured. Normally, human resources strategies are measured in terms of implementation or completion of actual programs. But to provide more meaningful information, measures have to be designed to determine the effect the action plans have had on the defined issues. Therefore, it is important to identify specific measures and target levels to be achieved and what the end results should be. 2.4 Critically evaluate how a human resource plan can contribute to meeting an organisations objectives. Human resource planning has traditionally been used by organizations to ensure that the right person is in the right job at the right time. Under past conditions of relative environmental certainty and stability, human resource planning focused on the short term and was dictated largely by line management concerns. Increasing environmental instability, demographic shifts, changes in technology, and heightened international competition are changing the need for and the nature of human resource planning in leading organizations. Planning is increasingly the product of the interaction between line management and planners. In addition, organizations are realizing that in order to adequately address human resource concerns, they must develop long-term as well as short term solutions. As human resource planners involve themselves in more programs to serve the needs of the business, and even influence the direction of the business, they face new and increased responsibilities and challenges 3.1 Explain the purpose of human resource management policies in organisations There are lot of purpose of human resource management policies was known to manage the employees within an organisation in many aspects; such as recruitment, selection, evaluation, motivation, general management and termination. One can argue that not much has changed and it is still the same as HRM, but from comparing the process over the past few decades, we can see that the process has actually evolved quite significantly. Human resource management, unlike personnel management, has become a process that is very closely linked with the other departments of an organisation. This helps the HRM department to foresee and prepare for possible circumstances; such as increased workloads and redundancies. Below is a table of perceived differences between Personnel Management and Human Resource Management (Beer and Spector, 1985): Strategic integration: HRM is integrated with the organisations strategic plans. High commitment: management of people ensures employees are genuinely pursuing the goals of the organisation. Flexibility: HRM policies are subject to change; meaning innovations and changes in the business fields will be anticipated by HRM and the policies thereby structured. High quality: the process of human resource management is done with high quality to ensure high quality results. This will eventually affect the quality of goods/services provided. 3.2 Analyse the impact of regulatory requirements on human resources policies in an organisation Human resources manager plays many varieties of roles in the organisations. Following are some of his/her role to carry out on daily basis. Guidance Role Directly involves with companys HR Policy making, and implementation those policies, Advisory role Offering specialist service to the employers and employees. Offering advice for line managers for changes in legislations, conducting appraisals, etc. For employees, advice about their rights, counselling, Etc. Service Role Carrying out various administrative tasks e.g. payroll, giving reference, and delivering of Human Resources Management Programs. (Recruitment, Selection, welfare so on) Control/auditing role Analysing personal indices. (Such as labour turn over, wage cost) monitoring performances carrying out bench marking Planning/organizing role Forecasting future man power needs, adopting new labour practices. Human resource planning: forecasting organisations future labour and skills requirements. Recruitment: Attracting more suitable applicant required by HR plan Selection: Selecting most suitable employees Retention: retaining staffs by promoting and motivating Exit Management: managing termination of the employment, retainment, dealing with grievance procedure. Task 3 To: Head of TESCO human resource department From: Independent human resource consultant Subject: Reviewing human resource department 4.1 Analyses the impact of an organisational structure on the management of human resource organization structure: The study of organizations includes a focus on optimizing organizational structure. According to management science, most human organizations fall roughly into four types: Pyramids or hierarchies Committees or juries Matrix organizations Ecologies An organizational structure is a mostly hierarchical concept of subordination of entities that collaborate and contribute to serve one common aim. Organizations are a number of clustered entities. The structure of an organization is usually set up in one of a variety of styles, dependent on their objectives and ambience. The structure of an organization will determine the modes in which it shall operate and will perform. Organizational structure allows the expressed allocation of responsibilities for different functions and processes to different entities. Ordinary description of such entities is as branch, site, department, work groups and single people. Contracting of individuals in an organizational structure normally is under timely limited work contracts or work orders or under timely unlimited employment contracts or program orders. (Robbins, S.F., Judge, T.A. (2007)) There are four formats of Tesco. They are Tesco, Tesco Extra, Tesco Metro and Tesco Express. Tesco Express is small in size and scale compare to other Tescos. So the decision making process is shorter and quicker which is important for an organisation of this nature. Tesco Express has a flat structure. There are four duty managers who get the ideas to how to handle the workload from the Site Manager. They run the shifts and they have team leaders working under them who take part in decision making to some extent. Stock controller and administrator also a major character in the organisation. They have to do specific task and also if they get time, they must help other colleagues work. On the last level of the organisation there are customer service assistants. They deal with the customers directly. They serve the customers on the tills and they do the shelf filling as well. They are the major part of our management team 4.2 Analyses the impact of organisational culture on the management of human resources Organizations are as individual as nations and societies. They have widely differing cultures, and these are reflected in their values, ideals and beliefs. The organizations culture is what gives meaning and purpose to the work lives of its members. An organization culture influences its strategy, its ways of doing business and they it responds to change. A strong culture will be beneficial if it focuses on need to change proactively. The culture of an organisation influence the way in which it operates, so it is necessary to understand the culture before deciding how people might contribute to the success or failure of the organisation. Put in simple terms, the culture of an organisation can be defined as: The Way We Do Things Here! Our organisation has a task culture. Task culture-It is very much a small team approach the network organisation small organisations co-operating together to deliver a project. The emphasis is on results and getting things done. Individuals empowered with discretion and control over their work is flexible and adaptable.'(Charles Handy, 1985). In our organisation, Tesco Express, we have team-based approach to perform any job. Team work plays the major role to achieve organizational objectives. The culture of our organization is working as a team, co-operating each other to achieve our goals and objectives. In the team all the staffs are empowered, so they feel motivated and important at work. All the staffs are empowered to make decisions to some extent and they are given responsibilities within the team. So the staffs feel valued and responsible for their jobs. In my work place has nearly 20 Staff. This staffs are from different ethical background and different countries, so various behaviours of team members mesh together in order to achieve objectives. We all work hard successfully in our team. Our manager guides us to do our work properly. 4.3 Examine how the effectiveness of human resources management is monitored in an organisation The Human resource department is the companys greatest asset; because without man power, everyday business functions could be completed. That is why it is important to maximize organizational effectiveness, human potential-individuals capabilities, time, and talents-must be managed. Human resource management works to ensure that employees are able to meet the organizations goals. Companys today are continuously changing. Organizational change has an impact not only the business but also its employees; the company at all time should be considerate to its entire employee. The company and employees should work together in harmony to remain productivity, and the HR manager is the bridge for the company and the employees to understand each other. Every organisation aims to keep a good staff retention record. However, retaining staff can be very time consuming and expensive. To retain staff is to give them reason to stay. This is normally done by giving employees incentives in addition to salary. These incentives normally take financial form; however, other psychological incentives work just as well. These psychological incentives can be as simple as verbal encouragement. This ultimately leads to motivation; therefore better performance. Other forms of psychological incentives include added responsibility and work challenges. Employees not only work for money, they work also to satisfy their psychological needs. As long as incentives are fair, employees will carry on working with more conviction. This will lead to good retention levels and result in lower costs in terms of recruitment. 4.4 Make justified recommendations to improve the effectiveness of human resources management in an organisation. HR manager it is my role to ensure that the organizations objectives and goals are followed by all personnel. Constant communication with the employees and evaluating their performance in their work will help me in this role. Problems in terms of the organizations work force must be immediately resolved in order to prevent unnecessary complexities. Our workforce is the organizations valued asset. It is my duty as HR manager to ensure that these assets will remain an asset for the organization; keeping our workforce productive and competitive in our business. The HR manager is a both a business and a strategic partner of the company. The HR manager contributes to the development and accomplishments of the companys business strategies and objectives. As a strategic partner, the HR manager designs the companys work positions: hiring, reward, recognition, and strategic pay; performance development and appraisal systems; career and succession planning; and employee development. As business partners, the HR manager have to think like business people, know finance and accounting, and be accountable and responsible for cost reductions and the measurement of all HR programs and processes. The HR manager can be considered as an employee sponsor or advocate, because of the integral role the HR manger plays in the company success due to his knowledge about and advocacy of the people. The expertise of the HR manager includes the managers expertise in creating a work environment in which people will be motivated to work, productive and happy in the co mpany. The HR manager provides employee development opportunities, assistance programs, gain sharing and profit-sharing strategies, due process approaches in solving corporate problems and schedule regular communication opportunities. The HR manager contributes to the company by constantly assessing and ensuring effective HR function. It is also the role of the HR manager to the companys mission, vision, values, goals, and action plan. Managers within the organization will help in handling our personnel. As a big organization with branches and different departments, it will be difficult to handle all the organizations personnel. Line managers can help in managing this problem. Line managers will be the one responsible in handling the personnel under their respective jurisdiction. They will be the one in charge to report to the HR manager all the progress and problems of an employee hey handle. The organizations HRM will be centralized, where the HR manager handles all the personnel through the line managers. By this means all problems in terms of the organizations personnel will be given enough attention and priority.

How are Religion and Culture Connected?

How are Religion and Culture Connected? The aspect of religion and culture is what shapes the lives of all humans, whither they are believers or not. Whole nations have dress codes to keep to their religious values. Government officials are elected upon their views of certain religious and culturist views such as abortion. Even wars between two stable governments can be initiated because of the differences in religious beliefs. The Hebrew religious culture is the most influential ancient culture to the modern world. The Hebrew culture was solely centered upon religion. The one main literature item modern scholars have to study from this nation was the Torah. The Torah also known as the Pentateuch is the main source of the Hebrew government and everyday living situations. The Pentateuch consists of five books. The first book is Genesis. Genesis consists of the early history of the world and how certain questions such as how the earth was formed and where the first humans came from. The second book, Exodus, explains how the Hebrews escaped bondage from Egypt and ended up into Jerusalem area for which the Israelites name came from. Leviticus, the next book, is a book of laws. Leviticus teaches the Hebrew nation which meats to eat, how to clean and what is clean, property rights and rules, and regulations of worship. These principles directed Israelites of the past how to live their everyday lives. After Leviticus is Numbers; Numbers is a record of all the tribes of Judah (which there were twelve). The record was like a modern census of the tribes as they traveled through out the wilderness as they left Egypt to the Promised Land. The final book of the Torah is Deuteronomy. Deuteronomy is known as the second law. This final book is a collection of Moses (the Hebrew that led the Israelites out of Egypt) last sermons. These five books are what formed and shaped Hebrew culture as the tribes moved throughout the Middle East in the ancient times. The Jewish tribes were nomadic and were shepherds of their flocks during biblical times. Throughout the Bible, references were made to God being the shepherd to his flocks below. The shepherd lifestyle impacted the literature in the Bible. Since the Hebrew culture was influenced by a nomadic lifestyle, senses were used in concrete thought. Jeff A. Benner states what concrete thought was like for the Israelite community: All five of the senses are used when speaking and hearing and writing and reading the Hebrew language. An example of this can be found in Psalms 1:3; He is like a tree planted by streams of water, which yields its fruit in season, and whose leaf does not wither. In this passage we have concrete words expressing abstract thoughts, such as a tree (one who is upright, righteous), streams of water (grace), fruit (good character) and an unwithered leaf (prosperity). With the Greek abstract culture coming down from the north, the Hebrew concrete belief slowly faded away. The Hebrews most powerful time was the reins of King David and Solomon (1005-925 B.C.E.). After King Solomon passed away, the kingdom became a warring nation. Outside influences and rulers kept seeping into the Hebrew nation. In 586 B.C.E., Cyrus captured Jerusalem and transported the Jews out of their holy land. Eventually they came back to their land. Then the Greeks came and Alexander the Great brought with him the Greek culture. Then the Romans conquered Israel and brought their culture. Slowly the Hebrew culture was lost. Even though the cultures concrete thought faded away, the religious influence did not. The Hebrew religious cultures greatest attribute to modern cultures is the creation of Christianity and Islam. Christianity is based on the Old Testament prophecies of the Messiah for which would deliver the Israelites. Around 4 B.C.E., a child was born from a virgin according to the Bible. This childs name was Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus was Gods son and the Messiah for which was going to become the King of the Jews. Jesus started teaching his fathers words and spread the good news. Jesus was then crucified and buried. After three days he resurrected from his death. Christianity is based upon Jesus life and teachings. His main points are love God with all your heart, all your mind, and all your soul, and love your neighbor as just as Jesus loved human kind. Christians believe that one day he will come back to earth from Heaven and judgment day will come onto earth. Christianity has played a major role in government over the last two millenniums. After becoming the sole religion of the Roman Empire, Christianity became the dominant religion of Europe. Many nations became one under God. Today, United States, the most powerful nation in the world, has One Nation under God in the national pledge and printed its currency. With Christianity being a major influence of government officals, the religion has caused several wars, mainly against Islamic nations. Islam was founded by Muhammad around 622 A.D. in the Middle-East. With a background of the Bible, Muhammad spoke of how the Jews corrupted the bible. So he wrote the Quran. The Quran is the words for which Gabriel, one of the arc angels, translated Gods words to Muhammad. Muhammad then started the Islamic religion. Same as Christianity, Islam has made a major impact on the worlds government and people. The Islamic nation spread over Northern Africa, Spain, Eastern Europe, the Middle-East and some of Asia. With the spread of the religion, the foods, spices, and technologies of these areas spread throughout the world. As Islam spread throughout Europe, sparks began to create a fire between Christians and Muslims (another word the Islamic people). The Islamic nations conquered Jerusalem, a Christian holy city, and started advancing towards Constantinople around the late first millennium. These advances ignited the Christian Crusades. The Christian Crusades were missions to free Spain and Jerusalem from Islamic rule. The war between Christians and Muslims continued for centuries and never really rested. Recently on September 11, 2001, Islamic terrorist flew two airplanes into New York Citys World Trade Center. This act by the terrorist started the War on Terrorism between the Allies and the terrorist with America leading the Allies. As the War has slowly dwindled down, old tensions of these religions have kindled old flames. Whither the two religions have any more negative feelings toward each other than did before, they became more aware of each other. With similar Hebrew backgrounds, these two religions have changed the face of this earth for all time. Though Hebrew culture mainly lives through Christianity and Islam, small institutes still keep the Israelite culture in touch with the modern world. Founded in 1892, the mission of the American Jewish Historical Society is to foster awareness and appreciation of the American Jewish heritage and to serve as a national scholarly resource for research through the collection, preservation and dissemination of materials relating to American Jewish history. The American Jewish Historical Society is the oldest national ethnic historical organization in the United States. The Societys library, archives, photograph, and art and artifacts collections document the American Jewish experience. The Hebrew state was a small population and ruled over a small area. From this small region, a powerful influence on todays society and cultures of many different countries has been formed.

Anorexia and Bulimia :: Causes of Bulimia Nervosa, Anorexia

Bulimia Nervosa   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June Engel (1993), found that today’s society’s idealization of thinness is producing an alarming increase in eating disorders especially among young women. The never-ending efforts to lose weight and conform to the media image of an â€Å"ideal† shape are leading more and more young people to diet at the cost of health. Weight – preoccupation is now widespread in our society, affecting the people of all ages, classes, occupations and ethnic backgrounds. June, Engel (1993) reported that once considered just a subclass of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa is now recognized as its own disease, occurring mainly in women aged 16 to 25, especially among high school students. Bulimia nervosa affects an estimated 2-4 percent of Canadian females aged 12-25 (and some adolescent males.) Like anorexia nervosa, it too involves extreme weight-preoccupation, but with alternate side effects of binging and fasting, vomiting and purging being common pla ce after binges. Factors of Bulimia include a family history of alcoholism and depression. National Institute of Mental Health (1993) reported that even though it’s easier to talk about anorexia and bulimia being different conditions, individual patients often suffer from symptoms of both. Indeed, it often happens that bulimia develops after a period of months or years of anorexic symptoms. Women suffer from these disorders 10 times more than men, and so this leaflet refers to the sufferer as â€Å"she†! Although often thought of as adult problems these disorders most often start in the teenage years while the sufferer is still at home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Corben and Lindsey (1990) described that lots of people are becoming aware of obesity. Though these concerns are good, excessive concern for thinness is also a major problem (like Bulimia â€Å"a fear of obesity†.) June Engel (1993) illustrated that once you have an eating disorder sadly many remain eating – disordered and dissatisfied with themselves for life. Bulimics share the anorexic’s fear of losing control, being depressed, and obsessed with weight loss. Bulimics start on restricted diets but can never stick to them, and occupy their time in cycles of restricted eating, binging and self-inflicting vomiting and purging. They use a lot of laxatives, diuretics and sometimes even ipecac syrup (to force themselves to vomit.) When their dietary restraint breaks down, bulimics binge on cast amounts of food – cakes, desserts, hotdogs, whatever is appetizing, then they vomit it all up to avoid weight gain. Self-imposed vomiting, which may take hours per sess ion, gets rid of only a few calories and is extremely hard on the digestive system, throat and heart.

Marks & Spencers :: essays research papers

During 2003/2004 Marks & Spencers have worked to improve their performance across their wide range of corporate social responsibility issues. THEIR BUSINESS †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clothing: clothing accounts for 50.1% of the UK sales and it’s their biggest business. Provides a wide range of clothing for women, men and children. They have 11% share of the UK marketing. Marks & Spencers Public Relations program: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Customer: I think we should keep a sales information, annual independent Survey and customer consultation and a continues research program, so we can keep a good relation with core customer to know what they are looking for. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employees: we should do continues surveys among our employees. We need to keep our â€Å"Confidential help line†, so we can keep improving the working environment. Also, apart from our employee magazine, I think we should send continues information about the group, send updating about some of the decisions making and benefits through their emails. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shareholders: we have our annual general meeting. We need to improve our programme to survey shareholders satisfaction. A good point is to have regular meeting and presentations with investors. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suppliers, including franchisees: regular visits, meeting and discussions. Programmes to survey their satisfaction. Direct relationship with important raw material suppliers. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Community: Regular meetings with key charity partners. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government: Regular meetings with bodies such as the Health and Safety Executive, environmental regulators and financial services authority. Local authority partnership on environmental health and trading standards. PROGRAMS †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organic cotton: We have increased our use of organic cotton to 3,000kgs. It’s still a very small proportion. Our long-term target is 5% of all the cotton we produce should be organic by 2010. MEDIA †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vogue magazine is the number one of fashion authority.

College Student Loans Skyrocket Essay -- essays research papers

If you're counting on government student loans to get you through college or graduate school, count on paying them back. The Education Department has become one of the toughest debt collectors around. Over the past decade, the agency has steadily expanded its arsenal for dealing with former students who don't repay. A 1998 change in federal law made it extremely difficult for people to escape student loans through personal bankruptcy. The Education Department also can now seize parts of borrowers' paychecks, tax refunds and Social Security payments without a court order, a power similar to the IRS's. Access to a government database of newly employed workers has enabled the department to make much more effective use of private collection agencies. And it can go after even decades-old student loans, because there's no statute of limitations on them, unlike most consumer debt. As a result, the Education Department collected $5.7 billion in defaulted student loans in the past fiscal year, more than twice as much as in 1998. For current loans that go into default, the department now projects it will ultimately retrieve every dollar of principal, plus almost 20% in fees and overdue interest. The aggressive approach has sparked an outcry from some borrowers, consumer advocates and even some bankruptcy-court judges. They complain that the department runs over some former students who have suffered reversals of fortune. Some who favor a softer stance argue that student loans are ...

The Importance of Securing equipmen Essay

The ability to be accountable of army equipment is a task given to all Service members. It starts when we first enter basic training. We receive our first issued items from CIF in order to complete all of our task during basic training. We are responsible to inventory and maintain our gear until we are finished with basic training. It is expected that we turn in item that were received in a clean and serviceable condition. After Basic training we move on to AIT and later to our first Unit. As we progress with our military career we become responsible for more gear. Our Platoon leaders and commanders entrust us with more sensitive as we sign not just for our personal gear. We sign for radios, vehicle, Blue Force Trackers and many other items that cannot fall into the hands of the enemy. The loss of any equipment is costly, not only does it cost money but it take time away from the mission while you are waiting for much needed gear. The inability to maintain your equipment potential causes a mission failure or missing a movement. The best method to keep equipment secure is to always have it on your person. The problem with this method is it’s not always possible. Caring around everything would be a very tedious and inefficient process. The next best method is to keep your equipment under lock and key. Keeping that in mind the equipment should be left in a place where security is in place to guard those items. Of course some item will need different levels of security such as weapons. The loss of any equipment can lead to a loss in operational security. You don’t want information much less equipment to fall into enemy hands. This could potentially lead to a loss of life.

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680

Running head: PUEBLO REVOLT The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 Kelley Christy Grand Canyon University HIS 103 May 17, 2009 The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 The English and Spanish strategies at colonization in the late 1600’s were very different, resulting in very different outcomes. The English methods of displacement and extermination of the native populations led to wholesale destruction of the cultures targeted. On the other hand, the Spanish attempted to peacefully associate with the local populations. This lead to the creation of a hybrid culture of Spanish and Indian peoples. The birth of this new culture demonstrated the success the Spaniards had in the waning days of the century (Otermin, 2007). The Spaniards used the idea of converting the native populations to Christianity and forcing their values to match their own (Otermin, 2007). Eighty years after the establishment of the first colony in the Rio Grande Valley by Juan de Onate in 1598, Spanish missionaries had built thirty missions as well as thirty religious stations. The Pueblo tribes and the Spanish colonists coexisted but not without conflict. Thousands of Pueblos were converted to Christianity. The converts adopted the rituals of the Christians, such as the Christian form of marriage and baptism. They also practiced the Christian burial rituals. However, these converts also observed their native religious rituals. This straddling of both religions angered the Franciscan missionaries. This anger drove the Franciscans to destroy religious objects and shrines of the natives, and punish Indian ceremonial leaders (Otermin, 2007). In addition, the Spanish forced the natives to provide slave labor to build churches, as well as work in mines and farms for the encomenderos. These encomenderos were Spanish colonists whose role was to protect the local natives from hostile Indian tribes. Late in the seventeenth century, diseases imported by the Spaniards such as smallpox and measles, began to decimate the Indian population. Natural disasters such as crop failures and major droughts added to the misery of the natives. Attacks by the hostile Navajo and Apache tribes aggravated the strained relationship between the Spanish colonists and the Pueblos (Otermin, 2007). In 1670, a missionary claimed he was bewitched by a Pueblo community. Several Indians were executed and several more were beaten for this offense. From this, the seeds of revolt were planted. Ten years later, Pope, one of the beaten natives rose to lead a massive revolt. Pope’s united forces sought to drive all traces of Spanish influence from their lands. The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was successful in ridding the Pueblos of the Spaniards for a decade. Pope’s efforts united the Pueblos against an oppressive Spaniard regime and gained their people a few more years of independence. Reference Otermin, D. A. Mexican American Voices: Resistance and accommodation in New Mexico. (2007). Digital History. Retrieved May 14, 2009, from: www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/mexican_voices/voices_display. cfm? id=24

Motaba Virus – Immune System and Operation Clean Sweep

The mercenary camp was in the Motaba River Valley of Zaire was bombed to stop the virus from spreading. 2. No I would have removed all the people and disinfected all of them so the virus would stay in the forest and nobody would die. 3. Sam Daniels and his crew were sent out to the Motaba Valley because there was a level 4 virus. 4. The conditions in the Motaba valley were sad, smoky, poor and there were dead people everywhere. 5. The symptoms of the mystery disease at Motaba Valley were blistering everywhere, sever headaches and bleeding from every orifice. 6.No the virus that caused the mystery disease at Motaba Valley was not airborne. 7. A. The tribesman’s explanation of why the disease was affecting the tribe was because it was the gods punishment for cutting down the rain forest. B. No I don’t think the explanation makes any sense because mother nature couldn’t be happy with the loss of the plants and forest. 8. They wore thick space suits and multiple airl ocks, ultra violet light rooms and workers must be intensely trained. 9. The virus got to the U. S. by the monkey that Jimbo traveled with from the forest. 11.The electron microscope shows about the Motaba virus in Kidney cells, and it showed it was invaded, multiplied and killed the cells. 12. Jimbo is the owner of the infected monkey, and the monkey with the virus kills many people. 13. Rudy is the store owner of the animal store, and she is around these animals all the time. 14. Robby tried to find out if Jimbo had any contact with animals or how he got sick before he died. 15. A. Jimbo got infected by the virus by a monkey spitting on his mouth. B. Rudy got infected by the monkey scratching him. c. Jimbo’s girlfriend Alice got infected by kissing Jimbo. D.Henry got infected by blood splattering on him. E. People at the movie theatre got infected by being coughed on by someone with virus. F. Robby got infected by being stabbing herself with the needle. G. Casey got infecte d by taking his suit in an infected area. 16. A. The Motaba virus mutated because it became airborne. B. The Motba virus was so dangerous because it becoming airborne made it a lot easier to spread a lot faster. 17. A They forced the people to stay in town and they couldn’t leave their houses. B. Family members had to endure that they will eventually die because of the spread of the virus, the sick ad to be tested and would most likely die. 18. Operation clean sweep was the bomb that is powerful but not nuclear and is dropped on the California area, killing the disease and virus. 19. Many government officials thought it was necessary because the virus wouldn’t spread and kill millions. 20. Yes I think it is acceptable to kill a few lives to save the human population. Sometimes you have to take desperate measures when there’s a deadly virus going around. It would be better to take a few lives than kill the whole human population.It makes sense to kill the people with the virus (because there were few) and save the rest of the population. They could permanently kill off the virus by killing the people with it and saving other people form getting it. I think it would be necessary because to save a whole population would be essential over saving a few people. 21. I think that if there was a positive and known solution that would help the cause by sacrificing the animals, then it would be necessary so not so many people would die. 22. Danielle’s prevented the success of Operation Clean Sweep by flying there airplane right in front so they couldn’t bomb the city.And by telling them they found the cure. 23A. They determined the identity of the virus by drawing blood from an infected person. 23B. They determined the cause of the disease by analyzing blood and putting it under a microscope and they found tons of ebola viruses in the blood. 23C. They tracked the spread of the virus by keeping track of who had it, how they got it, when and where. 24A. Finding the host of the virus was critical and finding the anti-serum because they had to create the anti-serum from the monkey’s blood. 24B.Danielle’s was so intent on capturing the monkey in California because that’s how they would find the cure for the virus, since the monkey was indeed the virus carrier. 25A. A host cell is a living cell in which a virus reproduces. A primary host or definitive host is a host in which the parasite reaches maturity and, if possible , reproduces †¦ 25B. The monkey could have been referred to as virus carrier or infected living organism. 26. After capturing the monkey, Daniells and his team were able to find the cure to the virus and vaccine. 27. They used that room because they did not want the virus to spread anymore. 8. A. Antiserum is blood serum containing polyclonal antibodies. B. Antiserum is used to pass on passive immunity to many diseases. C. Passive antibody transfusion from a previous human surv ivor is the only effective treatment for Ebola infection. D. An antigen is a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, esp. the production of antibodies. E. Antibodies in the antiserum bind the infectious agent or antigen. The immune system then recognizes the antibody and the antigen and antibody work together to fight off viruses in immune systems. F.Antibodies in the antiserum bind the infectious agent or antigen. The immune system then recognizes foreign agents bound to antibodies and triggers a more robust immune response. The use of antiserum is particularly effective against pathogens which are capable of evading the immune system in the unstimulated state but which are not robust enough to evade the stimulated immune system. The existence of antibodies to the agent therefore depends on an initial â€Å"lucky survivor† whose immune system by chance discovered a counteragent to the pathogen, or a â€Å"host species† which carri es the virus but does not suffer from its effects.Further stocks of antiserum can then be produced from the initial donor or from a donor organism that is inoculated with the pathogen and cured by some stock of preexisting antiserum. G. They gave a lot the monkey and they wouldn’t have been able to find a cure that works that fast and be distributing it out to everyone to save currently sick people. It would have taken at least a month to find a cure and those people that were in the hospital would have died and not have been saved in real life. H.They gave a lot the monkey and they wouldn’t have been able to find a cure that works that fast and be distributing it out to everyone to save currently sick people. It would have taken at least a month to find a cure and those people that were in the hospital would have died and not have been saved in real life. They make the process of the antiserum look like an easy and fats process when really it takes months. It is a dif ficult task that takes an extremely long time. It’s not likely that they would find a cure in two days and not logical.They couldn’t pass on the cure that quickly to save the people that were currently in he hospital. They would have had to do many tests t find the cure to the virus it would not have taken just two days. 29. I thought the movie was good, but parts were not realistic. It showed how dangerous ebola really was and how fast it could spread. The government would probably take desperate measure to save the whole population. Ebola spreads so quickly and kills so fast. The movie was a good representation of ebola, how it spreads and how quickly and dangerous it is. 30. A. Yes viruses kill and they scare man and are deadly and fast moving.B. Everyone was so fearful and hopeless that if It happened today everyone would freak out and live in fear. C. It’s significant because man doesn’t have all fears but most would have a fear of deadly virus becau se it’s unknown and unseen, D. I think that man will ultimately dominate because there are so man doctors and scientist searching for viruses. That if an outbreak happened they would have a cure so fast with all the technology being created. A virus is a deadly, killer but I don’t see an outbreak in the future because of all the technology and there hasn’t been an incident for decades.

Internal Sanctions

One of John Stewart Mill’s focuses in his book Utilitarianism, is that utilitarianism has all the sanctions of other moral systems. Events or excuses that people accept as permission to continue with a choice. These sanctions derive from a wide spectrum of different approvals, usually built upon moral preference. Mill is able to categorize every human license into exist internal and external sanctions, and believes that it is possible to change your moral selection.External sanctions exist outside of the individual, independent of his mind. They may take the form of peer pressure, the fear of disapproval, or the fear of god. Internal sanctions stem from one’s conscience. These consist of feelings like discomfort or joy when one realizes the consequences of a decision. These feelings can influence actions, especially if one’s moral nature is particularly sophisticated. Internal sanctions often prove to be more powerful than any external sanctions because they do r equire more emotional attention.Because these forces are often based on individual morals and duty, there is no reason that they can’t be changed to support utilitarian principles. Some philosophers suggest that individuals are more likely to follow moral principles if the see them as object fact, rather than subjective feelings. Mill observes that regardless of what a person believes the root of a moral principle to be, his ultimate motivation is always subjective feeling. Mill focuses on if the feeling of duty is â€Å"innate or implanted,† mostly because this area is so confusing.To try and understand how both of these sanctions would affect choice, it could be explained as follows: If a religious leader, government professional or respected philosopher was to suggest to society that all our current morals were wrong and it was the purpose of humans to promote suffering among men, would society be able to change? People must be capable of internalizing this extraneo us command, and convince their conscience that it is morally acceptable. But could a person force his mind to accept such a drastic and dramatic change?Mill would way that is most definitely possible, especially for this example. People could easily be educated and socialized and develop the internal sanctions to promote suffering, but they would be artificial feelings. Since these emotions are not particularly a part of human nature or experience, the society would end up reacting more on external sanctions, with internal reactions. Sanctions are something we constantly unconsciously use to make decisions. Whether it is outside or inside forces that compel us to make a decision, our morals are the mold.

Media Reaction Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Reaction Project - Essay Example The report objective is to investigate whether race played any role or influenced administration of capital penalties to defendants. Racial bias is not constitutionally right and should be eradicated at all cost possible. The paper main focus is correlated to the racial profiling and prosecution as taught earlier in the semesters. The paper focuses on the judgement that was mainly influenced by the race of the defendant in the case of Furman Vs the state of Georgia. In this dissertation, we mainly base on the case of Furman and try to figure out the unfair justice that was administered to him by the Jury. Furman indeed committed a crime as he had entered in a private home without permission most probably to steal. Unluckily for him, one of the family members of that house while stealing found him in the act. He wanted to run away but on his attempt, his gun tripped and fell down. The weapon was stuck it went off shooting the family member. The state treated the case as homicide instead of manslaughter base on the circumstatences that he murder occurred. Furman was guilty even before the case started and he was sentenced to the death by the famous Georgia death penalty for homicide. Furman was mentally ill and a black American. He had five votes for him and four votes against him. Instead, the court decided to apply other statutes an act that was unconstitutional. The court never considered the fact that Furman was not sane this reveals the poin t of racial discrimination in the case. He was not given chance for a fair trial for the logical thing was for the judge to instruct that a medical examination be carried out on him and determine the state of his mind to stand trial. I decided to use the case of Furman as it has solid evidences that show that the prosecution judged against him was unfair. Analyse the jury decision in totality, how the voting was done and their concluding

Altius VA Ltd assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Altius VA Ltd - Assignment Example These tasks should be delegated to well-trained people who are fully aware of the long and short term objectives of the company. Training staff as well as delegating marketing duties in tandem with the laid down strategies enables working towards achieving them. Therefore, a marketing strategy is aimed at ensuring that a company is able to concentrate its resources towards the very important aspects of its core functioning; thus, minimizing wastage (Blythe 2006). Resources are always scarce; hence the need utilize them in a manner that ensures they are preserved for future use. A company must also ensure that the cost of production is kept at a minimum; while at the same time ensuring that it is making profits. Therefore, this paper will look at the marketing strategies that Altius VA Ltd need to better their business. Discussion The Altius Brand Strategic Analysis and Vision for the Compliance Software Altius VA Ltd is a vendor assessment company that keeps tabs of products from the said vendors and ensures that they meet the required standards as dictated by the different clients. This is attributed to the fact that it is always imperative for anything sold in the market to consumers to meet the laid down regulations and standards. As they have clearly stated in their website, â€Å"they believe that both clients and vendors have the right to expect a robust, fair and consistent assessment service, backed up by great customer support† (Altius 2013). They have taken the responsibility of ensuring that both the stakeholders get fair treatment as well as what they deserve out of any transaction or undertaking within the market setting. Without a brand name, Altius VA Ltd has made great strides in ensuring that their compliance software referred to as Supplier Assessment and Management System (SAMS) by their customers is well marketed in their website From their websites, they have shown and advertised to the vendors why they should be part of the Altius V A Ltd family. The benefits listed include: saving time and resources such as money, reducing duplication, aiming higher, among others (Altius 2013). These are straight to the point objectives that Altius endeavours to provide to their member vendors at all times and cost. The advantage of these to the vendors is that it helps in reducing the cost they would have incurred in performing the stated functions for themselves. By evaluating and analyzing the above advertisements on the Altius VA Ltd website, they have gone a long way in ensuring that the targeted stakeholders join them when fully aware of what they are, or could be drawing themselves into (Kelley & Jugenheimer 2009). Therefore, the vendors have an opportunity to make a decision for themselves to either be part of Altius VA Ltd or not. Altius VA Ltd services Altius VA Ltd has provided in their website what they do and how they are capable of helping both the vendors and clients. The vendors are assessed while the clients g et consultation services. This is a well-developed plan that attracts stakeholders as it indicates the need to join, and the efficiency that comes with receiving the services of Altius VA Ltd. SWOT analysis, for example, brings out how an organization can get to use the analysis of its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats

The subterranean museum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The subterranean museum - Assignment Example I personally find this ridiculous. While many people were targeted by the Holocaust, Jews were by far the most targeted. When Hitler enacted the final solution, it was not the final solution to deal with the problem of mentally handicapped people, nor was it the final solution to deal with gays and lesbians. It was the final solution to end the existence of the Jewish people, and the industrial slaughter machine was targeted solely at Jews. Of course everyone needs to be remembered in some way, but I also think it’s perfectly fair that there is a memorial specifically for Jews, and I think it should be the biggest and most important one. There was also a great deal of controversy over the inclusion of a subterranean museum, or â€Å"Ort.† The original designer did not like to include a subterranean museum, but one was built alongside the memorial anyway. I don’t think that it really mattered whether or not the museum was included with the project. Surely a museum about the Holocaust needed to be included somewhere, and most people visiting one site would probably visit the other. It does perhaps take away some of the solemnity of the memorial itself, by turning it into numbers and digits, however. There was also a great deal of conversation about whether it was appropriate for America to have a Holocaust memorial, when the Holocaust was perpetrated in Europe. I think that this is a waste of taxpayers’ money, and there are better ways to remember America’s role in

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

History - Essay Example At the core of the issue was their original demand for representation but not independence. The American leaders knew that the nation is destined for greater things than just being a colony. The economic atmosphere was likewise that of a new beginning; for the country was on the verge of becoming a great economic power herself due to its vast natural resources. The former British colonizers were exploiting American resources for export to its own colonies. The primary domestic concern of the newly-independent Americans was to preserve the nation so it will not fragment into small independent states. There were some frictions with the slave-holding Southern states such as the 3/5 clause which gave these Southerners a big political clout for every slave owned (Amar 17). Hyper-inflation was a big issue (Trask 1). Throughout much of Europe, the people there were overthrowing their own monarchies and tried to give back power to the people. The French Revolution, for example, tried to do t his by toppling their own king because their political structure was based on feudalism. The American framers of the constitution tried to imagine every political possibility that could happen in the distant future by integrating flexibility such as that by way of amendments. It also ensured checks and balances by making the three branches of government co-equal.